Securing reverse supply chains for a resource efficient and circular economy

Circular economy business models often rely on reverse supply chains and logistics to close material loops, such as recycling waste scrap into secondary raw materials, extending product life by promoting direct reuse, repair, refurbishment remanufacturing. Such activities can extend beyond borders require the transboundary movement of end-of-life products enable economies scale. In this context, report explores opportunities challenges for governments facilitate cross-border a resource efficient circular economy. It mainly focuses role trade facilitation mechanisms standards, provides potential ways forward in utilising them improve strengthen chains. The also investigates other relevant policy responses addressing restrictions, combatting illegal trade, introducing upstream policies eco-design initiatives that may work support